O`#P#` @@@ @@@@@l=\#@#p EN DB #      ( 01AHE Benaroch2000 Chen2002w Gandhi1995 Hitt1996w Hitt2001 Kmenta1997 Subramani2000 Wooldridge1999;1999; Authors Journals Keywords                               # @@    (%Benaroch, Michel, Kauffman, Robert J.,'Chen, Pei-Yu (Sharon) and Lorin M. Hitt Eli M. Snir, Lorin M. HittGandhi, Damodar N.$Hitt, Eli M. Snir and Lorin M. Hitt, Eli M. Snir; Lorin M.("Hitt, Lorin M.; Brynjolfsson, Erik Kmenta, Jan$Subramani, M., and Walden, E.A@;W. Orlikovski, S. Ang, P. Weill, H. Krcmar, and J.I. DeGrosWooldridge, Jeffrey M.   Information Systems ResearchManagement Science MIS QuarterlyLGProceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Systems  $>("Hitt, Lorin M.; Brynjolfsson, Erik 1996ztProductivity, Business Profitability, and Consumer Surplus: Three Different Measures of Information Technology Value MIS Quarterly202121-122 JuneThe business value of information technology (IT) has been debated for a number of years. While some authors have attributed large productivity improvements and substantial consumer benefits to IT, others report that IT has not had any bottom line impact on business profitability. This paper focuses on the fact that while productivity, consumer value, and business profitability are related, they are ultimately separate questions. Accordingly, the empirical results on IT value depend heavily on which question is being addressed and what data are being used. Applying methods based on economic theory, we are able to define and examine the relevant hypotheses for each of these three questions, using recent firm-level data on IT spending by 370 large firms. Our findings indicate that IT has increased productivity and created substantial value for consumers. However, we do not find evidence that these benefits have resulted in supranormal business profitability. We conclude that while modeling techniques need to be improved, these results are collectively consistent with economic theory. Thus, there is no inherent contradiction between increased productivity, increased consumer value, and unchanged business profitability. Eli M. Snir; Lorin M. Hitt 2001XRThe Emerging Knowledge Economy: Exchange in Internet Spot Markets for IT ExpertiseManagement ScienceInternet-enabled markets are becoming viable venues for procurement of professional services. We investigate bidding behavior within the most active area of these early knowledge markets: the market for software development. These markets are important both because they provide an early view of the effectiveness of online service markets and because they have a potentially large impact on how software development services are procured and provided. Using auction theory, we develop a theoretical model that relates market characteristics to bidding and transaction behavior, taking into account costly bidding and bid evaluation (two factors that distinguish these markets from other types of auctions). We then test our model using data from one active online market for software development services. Our data show that the market we examine is quite active, yielding contracts for 30%-40% of posted projects. In their current format, however, the studied markets may induce excessive bidding by vendors. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, larger projects attract significantly more bids with lower average quality. Greater numbers of bids raise the cost to all participants, due to costly bidding and bid evaluation. Perhaps as a consequence, larger projects are also much less likely to be awarded. Market design prescriptions to resolve these problems include limiting vendor participation and pre-screening vendors. Jan Kmenta 1997Elements of Econometrics "University of Michigan Press 0472108867lfThe book consists of two parts. Part one covers the basic elements of the theory of statistics and provides readers with a good understanding of the scientific generalization from incomplete information. Part two consists of a thorough exposition of all basic econometric methods and models and includes some of the more recent developments in several areas.$Subramani, M., and Walden, E.A 2000tmEconomic returns to firms from business-to-business electronic commerce initiatives: An empirical examinationl B;W. Orlikovski, S. Ang, P. Weill, H. Krcmar, and J.I. DeGros9NGProceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Systems Brisbane229-241Do firms derive economic returns from business-to-business (B2B) initiatives? How do returns to startup firms compare to those for established firms in B2B initiatives? How do returns to B2B initiatives around digital goods compare to those involving tangible goods? We offer a rigorous definition of B2B then conduct an empirical test of incomplete contract theory to examine the returns to B2B electronic commerce (EC) initiatives focused on digital goods versus tangible goods, and the returns to Internet firms versus brick-and-mortar firms. While there seems to be little difference between digital and tangible initiatives, we find that the returns to Internet firms are significant while the returns to brick-and-mortar firms are not. We propose, based on the application of incomplete contract theory, that this result obtains because the addition of new partners in the EC channel undermines existing relationships in the conventional channel. At the same time, existing relationships in the conventional channel undermine the quality of new relationships in the EC channel. However, Internet firms, with their single channel focus, avoid this difficultly and thus experience significant returns from B2B EC initiatives.Jeffrey M. Wooldridge 19992,Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach South-Western Pube 05388501324-Presents an introductory Econometrics text that provides a serious, self-contained discussion of econometric analysis with time-series data. Emphasizes modern practice, panel data and instrumental variables. DLC: Econometrics The modern approach of this text recognizes that econometrics has moved from a specialized mathematical description of economics to an applied interpretation based on empirical research techniques. It bridges the gap between the mechanics of econometrics and modern applications of econometrics by employing a systematic approach motivated by the major problems facing applied researchers today. Throughout the text, the emphasis on examples gives a concrete reality to economic relationships and allows treatment of interesting policy questions in a realistic and accessible framework. .d,%Benaroch, Michel, Kauffman, Robert J. 2000RKJustifying Electronic Banking Network Expansion Using Real Options Analysise MIS Quarterly}242 197 June0)The application of real options analysis to information technology investment evaluation problems recently has been proposed in the IS literature (Chalasani et al. 1997; Dos Santos 1991; Kambil et al. 1993; Kumar 1996; Taudes 1998). The research reported on in this paper illustrates the value of applying real options analysis in the context of a case study involving the deployment of point-of-sale (POS) debit services by the Yankee 24 shared electronic banking network of New England. In the course of so doing, the paper also attempts to operationalize real options analysis concepts by examining claimed strengths of this analysis approach and balancing them against methodological difficulties that this approach is believed to involve. The research employs a version of the Black-Scholes option pricing model that is adjusted for risk-averse investors, showing how it is possible to obtain reliable values for Yankee 24's 'investment timing option,' even in the absence of a market to price it. To gather evidence for the existence of the timing option, basic scenario assumptions, and the parameters of the adjusted Black-Scholes model, a structured interview format was developed. The results obtained using real options analysis enabled the network's senior management to identify conditions for which entry into the POS debit market would be profitable. These results also indicated that, in the absence of formal evaluation of the timing option, traditional approaches for evaluating information technology investments would have produced the wrong recommendations.'Chen, Pei-Yu (Sharon) and Lorin M. Hitt  2002yMeasuring Switching Costs and Their Determinants in Internet-Enabled Businesses: A Study of the Online Brokerage Industry"Information Systems Research133 SeptemberhaThe ability to retain and lock-in customers in the face of competition is a major concern for online businesses, especially those that invest heavily in advertising and customer acquisition. In this paper, we develop and implement an approach for measuring the magnitude of switching costs and brand loyalty for online service providers based on the random utility modeling framework. We then examine how systems usage, service design and other firm- and individual level factors affect switching and retention. Using data on the online brokerage industry, we find significant variation (as much as a factor of 2) in measured switching costs. We find that customer demographic characteristics have little effect on switching, but that systems usage measures and systems quality are associated with reduced switching. We also find that firm characteristics such as product line breadth and quality reduce switching and may also reduce customer attrition. Overall, we conclude that online brokerage firms appear to have different abilities in retaining customers and have considerable control over their switching costseDamodar N. Gandhi 1995Basic Econometrics  McGraw Hilll3d 0-07-113964-8iGujarati's Basic Econometrics provides an elementary but comprehensive introduction to econometrics. Because of the way the book is organized, it may be used at a variety of levels of rigor.