`1 kpk @@@ @@@@<lCk`k EN DB kP     & .>^  k v T/ mu ZP  (C:\Hiro\MGS9150aDrJ\CommunityBasedLearningBiblio.enlC:\Program Files\EndNote\CommunityBasedLearn.enlC:\Documents and Settings\cishht\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\ODAFSLMJ\Simulation2[1].enlC:\Documents and Settings\cishht\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files\Content.IE5\14W7590T\Econometrics1[1].enl[@2004 Alavi2001" And2004$ Arjona L.2004 Avison1999 ermk20042! afrnkov2004  frnkov2004Benbasat1981Benbasat1986Benbasat2000 Bostrom1993%Brubaker2003(Buckland1994l+ Chaikin1975 Craig2004( Cramer1994V David1999 Davis1993 Davis1997)De Jesus2001lde Kierk2004+ Derlega1975 Dexter19818 Dexter19868 Dull1999 Dunn199991 Fromkin1976# Fukuda20044#Fukuzaki2004 Goodhue1997"Graziani2004' Guerin 1988Haralick1990# Harris20044+ Herndon1975 Hoadley1990 Jarke19830 Jenkins1985& Kazmierkowski2003 Keil2000# Kenjo2004# Kikuchi2004 Klein1997 Lau1999 Ledgard1981 Lim2000 Lopez-Martin2004& Malinowski2003Massetti1996 Masulis1981 Moody2003 Murthy2002 Myers1999# Nagaoka2004  Nmeek2004% Nelson2003 Nielsen1999) Nunes-Ueno2001! Nmeek2004, Orne1969% Palmer20030  Pavl2004! Pavl2004" Pitrone2004. Reips2001! Richterov2004 Rivard2004- Rosnow2002VSanchez-Azofeifa2004* Sawyer1975V$ Sellschopp2004 Sen1989Sengupta1993 Shanks2003 Stohr1983/ Stone1978# Tanaka20044 Te'eni19939) Teague2001VTegarden1999& Trzynadlowski2003 Turner19839  Vassiliou1983 Vessey1986 Weber1986 White1983 Wiggins Jr.2002 Yardley1989 Yoo2001 Zhang20042004 Zhang200401 Zhang20042001 Zhang2004 ! :CD\comunesta dnS teitgn\sichsthL\colaS teitgn\seTpmrora ynIetnrteF liseC\noettnI.5E8\QXOVMP\ZiFleEdpxremine1t1[.]nel AuthorsXJournalsKeywords %                                X Alavi, Maryam And, BrunoArjona L., Marco A. Avison, David ermk, Ivoafrnkov, Janafrnkov, JanaBenbasat, IzakBostrom, Robert P.Brubaker, M. A.Buckland, NatalieChaikin, Alan L. Craig, Ian K.Cramer, DuncanDavid, Julie SmithDavis, Gordon B. Davis, Sid A.De Jesus, Katherinede Kierk, ElsaDerlega, Valerian J.Dexter, Albert S.Dull, Richard B.Dunn, Cheryl L.(%Fromkin, Howard, Streufert, SiegfriedFukuda, ShuichiFukuzaki, AkinobuGoodhue, Dale L.Graziani, SalvatoreGuerin , BernardHaralick, Robert M.Harris, Dale A.Herndon, JamesHoadley, Ellen D.Jarke, MatthiasJenkins, A. M.Kazmierkowski, Marian P. Keil, MarkKenjo, TakashiKikuchi, TatsuyaKlein, Barbara D. Lau, FrancisLedgard, Henry Lim, Kal H.Lopez-Martin, Antonio J.Malinowski, MariuszMassetti, BrendaMasulis, Paul S.Moody, Daniel L.Murthy, Uday S.Myers, MichaelNagaoka, KeizoNmeek, ZdenkNelson, J. KeithNielsen, Peter AxelNunes-Ueno, Marcos Nmeek, ZdenkOrne, Martin T. Palmer, J. A.Pavl, Ji Pavl, JillPitrone, Nicola Reips, Ulf-D.Richterov, IvanaRivard, Benoit Rosenthal, R. Rosnow, R. L.Sanchez-Azofeifa, ArturoSawyer, Alan G.Sellschopp, F. S. Sen, TarunSengupta, KishoreShanks, Graeme G.Stohr, Edward A.Stone, Eugene, . Tanaka, Kenji Te'eni, Dov Teague, Ross4Tegarden, David P.Trzynadlowski, Andrzej M.Turner, Jon A.Vassiliou, Yannis Vessey, Iris Weber, RonWhite, Norman H.Wiggins Jr., Casper E.Yardley, James A. Yoo, Youngjin Zhang, Jinkai  %a ACCOUNTING$Accounting information systemsAction researchAEROSPACE telemetry ALGORITHMSARTIFICIAL intelligence$ ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. attitudes AUTOCORRELATION (Statistics)AUTOMATIC control BIOCHIPS brainstormingBUSINESS presentations CANCERCATANIA (Italy)CATHODE ray oscilloscope CHARGE-backsCHARTS, diagrams, etc.cognitive feedback Cognitive fitCOGNITIVE scienceCOLLEGE studentsCOLOR$COMMUNICATION in organizationsCOMPARATIVE studies Complex frequency techniquesCOMPUTER graphicscomputer inter- faceCOMPUTER interfacesCOMPUTER programsCOMPUTER simulation$ COMPUTER software -- Development("COMPUTER software -- Human factors4/COMPUTER software industry -- Customer servicesCONGRESSES & conventions CONSENSUS (Social sciences)CREATIVE ability CREATIVE ability in businessCREATIVE thinking DATA editingData modelling("DATA structures (Computer science)DATABASE management DATABASESDECISION logic tablesDECISION makingDECISION support systemsDECISION treesDECISION-making DIGITAL videoDirect power controlDSSDUST Dust charging DUSTY plasmasELECTRIC engineeringELECTRIC machineryELECTRIC networksELECTRIC transformersELECTRIFICATIONelectron attachmentELECTRON beamselectrostatic charging EMISSIONS EMPLOYEESEND-user computingEnd-user trainingENGLISH languageEntity relationship modelESTIMATION theory ETHNOLOGY EXECUTIVESFEEDBACK control systemsfield emissions("field-dependent secondary emissionflowfrequency analysisGEOLOGY -- Maps GRAPHIC artsGRAPHIC methodsGraphic presentationGROUP decision making$group decision support systemsGROUP problem solvinggroup processes HUMAN error HUMAN-computer interaction HYPOTHESISINCENTIVES in industryINDUSTRIAL equipmentInformation attributesINFORMATION measurementINFORMATION processingINFORMATION resources$ INFORMATION resources management,'INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems85INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Accounting     ! !   !  <' +:4Derlega, Valerian J. Chaikin, Alan L. Herndon, James 197581Demand Characteristics and Disclosure Reciprocity& the Journal of Social Psychology97301-302 19992841060a*#Dull, Richard B. Tegarden, David P.Uf`A Comparison of Three Visual Representations of Complex Multidimensional Accounting Information.$Journal of Information Systems 1999///Fallr132bArticleM 117g &American Accounting Association 08887985Investigates the relationship between three visual representations of multidimensional data, and the subjects' ability to make predictions based on the data. Momentum accounting; Visualization research; Accounting-based visualization research; Novice decision making and visualization technology; Theoretical development.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR This study investigates the relationship between three visual representations (two-dimensional, three-dimensional fixed, and three-dimensional rotatable) of multidimensional data, and the subjects' ability to make predictions based on the data. Output of a momentum accounting system was simulated and graphics were rendered based on that information. An interactive computer program was developed and used to administer the laboratory experiment and collect results. Subjects made prediction decisions based on the graphics produced for four companies. Each subject made predictions for one type of graphics representation for each of the four companies. Subjects using three-dimensional data that could be rotated provided the most accurate predictions. This finding is significant in a systems environment where visualizations and graphics are steadily increasing. The results should be considered when developing systems to provide accounting system users with information for making decisions, especially when the information to be presented is multidimensional in nature.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORACCOUNTING COMPUTER programs GRAPHIC arts INFORMATION technology VISUALIZATION THREE-dimensional imaging DECISION-making Information visualization Cognitive fit Proximity compatibility principle Momentum accounting. Accounting information systemspiAccession Number: 2841060; Dull, Richard B. 1Tegarden, David P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Indiana University. 2: Virginia Polytechnic institute and State University.; Source Information: Fall99, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p117; Subject Term: ACCOUNTINGSubject Term: COMPUTER programsSubject Term: GRAPHIC artsSubject Term: INFORMATION technologySubject Term: VISUALIZATIONSubject Term: THREE-dimensional imagingSubject Term: DECISION-making; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information visualizationAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Cognitive fitAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Proximity compatibility principleAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Momentum accounting.Author-Supplied Keyword: Accounting information systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 5412 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 charts, 2 graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8494b[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=2841060Guerin , Bernard 19882,Reducing Evaluation Effects in Mere Presence& the Journal of Social Psychology 1292183-190 19905221969R,%Hoadley, Ellen D. Haralick, Robert M.*#Investigating the Effects of Color. Communications of the ACM 1990/02//332Article 120S *#Association for Computing Machinerye00010782Presents a laboratory experiment on the effects of color on a decision maker's ability to extract information from different graphical and tabular presentations. Impact of color on improved time performance for tables, pie charts and bar graphs; Role of color on accuracy performance for pie charts and line graphs; Costs of including color graphics in decision support systems and executive support systems. JCCOLOR GRAPHIC methods CHARTS, diagrams, etc. BUSINESS presentationsrLFAccession Number: 5221969; Hoadley, Ellen D.Haralick, Robert M.; Source Information: Feb90, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p120; Subject Term: COLORSubject Term: GRAPHIC methodsSubject Term: CHARTS, diagrams, etc.Subject Term: BUSINESS presentations; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 6 charts, 2 diagrams, 1 graph; Document Type: Articleb[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=5221969 20003308433- Keil, MarkXQA Cross-Cultural Study on Escalation of Commitment Behavior in Software Projects. MIS QuarterlyK 2000/06// 242FArticlem 299r 60MIS Quarterly & The Society for Information Mgt.02767783Presents information on a study which examined the level of sunk cost together with the risk propensity and risk perception of decision makers. Influence of cross-cultural differences on the decision maker's willingness to continue a software project; Literature on sunk cost effect; Theoretical model and hypothesis; Manipulation and control checks related to sunk cost.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR One of the most challenging decisions that a manager must confront is whether to continue or abandon a troubled project. Published studies suggest that failing software projects are often allowed to continue for too long before appropriate management action is taken to discontinue or redirect the efforts. The level of sunk cost associated with such projects has been offered as one explanation for this escalation of commitment behavior. What prior studies fail to consider is how concepts from risk-taking theory (such as risk propensity and risk perception) affect decision makers' willingness to continue a project under conditions of sunk cost. To better understand factors that may cause decision makers to continue such projects, this study examines the level of sunk cost together with the risk propensity and risk perception of decision makers. These factors are assessed for cross-cultural robustness using matching laboratory experiments carried out in three cultures (Finland, the Netherlands, and Singapore). With a wider set of explanatory factors than prior studies, we could account for a higher amount of variance in decision makers' willingness to continue a project. The level of sunk cost and the risk perception of decision makers contributed significantly to their willingness to continue a project. Moreover, the risk propensity of decision makers was inversely related to risk perception. This inverse relationship was significantly stronger in Singapore (a low uncertainty avoidance culture) than in Finland and the Netherlands (high uncertainty avoidance cultures). These results reveal that some factors behind decision makers' willingness to continue a project are consistent across cultures while others may be culture-sensitive. Implications of these results for further research and practice are discussed.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORhaINFORMATION resources management COMPUTER software -- Development RISK perception DECISION makingAccession Number: 3308433; Keil, Mark; Source Information: Jun2000, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p299; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources managementSubject Term: COMPUTER software -- DevelopmentSubject Term: RISK perceptionSubject Term: DECISION making; NAICS/Industry Codes: 51121 Software Publishers; Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 7 diagrams; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 12656b[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=3308433 > )/|Stone, Eugene,./ 19784- Research Methods in Organizational Behavior.,&Scott, Foresman : Glenview, IL,:3Teague, Ross De Jesus, Katherine Nunes-Ueno, Marcos 20016/Concurrent vs. Post-Task Usability Test RatingsChi 2001289-29031 March 19834680448oXRVassiliou, Yannis Jarke, Matthias Stohr, Edward A. Turner, Jon A. White, Norman H.@:Natural Language for Database Queries: A Laboratory Study. MIS Quarterly( 1983/12//e7t4PArticlen47 60MIS Quarterly & The Society for Information Mgt.02767783haAre natural language systems for database queries meeting their goals?, and, are these goals appropriate? The recently completed Advanced Language Project at New York University combined a field experiment with two laboratory studies to examine these issues by comparing performance between subjects using the formal database language SQL and subjects using the prototype natural language system, USL. This article describes the design and results of the larger laboratory experiment. The results presented offer some promise for the usability of natural language under certain conditions.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORb[NATURAL language processing (Computer science) PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers)hbAccession Number: 4680448; Vassiliou, YannisJarke, MatthiasStohr, Edward A.Turner, Jon A.White, Norman H.; Source Information: Dec83, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p47; Subject Term: NATURAL language processing (Computer science)Subject Term: PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers); Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 7 charts, 2 graphs; Document Type: Articleb[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=4680448 19865225541Vessey, Iris Weber, Ron=JCStructured Tools and Conditional Logic: An Empirical Investigation. Communications of the ACM 1986/01//291;Articleg48 *#Association for Computing Machineryu00010782vpFocuses on the use of structured English, decision tables and decision trees in performance of design and coding tasks of programmers. Investigation of structured tools in laboratory experiments; Advantage of structured English for taxonomy; Edge of decision trees and structured English in sequencing; Equality of decision trees and structured English in performance.<5ENGLISH language DECISION logic tables DECISION trees Accession Number: 5225541; Vessey, IrisWeber, Ron; Source Information: Jan86, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p48; Subject Term: ENGLISH languageSubject Term: DECISION logic tablesSubject Term: DECISION trees; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 7 charts, 2 diagrams; Document Type: Articleb[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=5225541H 20016401419o"Yoo, Youngjin Alavi, MaryampjMEDIA AND GROUP COHESION: RELATIVE INFLUENCES ON SOCIAL PRETENSE, TASK PARTICIPATION, AND GROUP CONSENSUS. MIS QuarterlyI 2001/09//S253NArticlel 371) 60MIS Quarterly & The Society for Information Mgt.02767783PIPresents a study that examined the relative influences of communication media condition, such as videoconferencing, and group cohesion on social presence, task participation, and group consensus. Examination of literature on media perception; Development of the research model; Results from a laboratory experiment that involved college students; Implications of the results for management of communication media in organizations.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR Organizations deploy advanced communication media such as audio and videoconferencing to enhance and extend group communication interactions. However, established groups (i.e., groups with a history of working together) can view and use the same technology differently from groups without any past experiences of working together. This study examines the relative influences of media condition and group cohesion on social presence, task participation, and group consensus. Results from a controlled laboratory experiment with 45 triads of college students working on a decision-making task showed that media condition (audio conferencing vs. desktop videoconferencing) has significantly smaller influences on social presence and task participation than group cohesion in established groups. The study found that influence of group cohesion over social presence is additive, rather than substitutive, to that of media condition. The study also established that task participation played a more important role than social presence in determining the degree of consensus among group members in computer-mediated communication environments.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR}COMMUNICATION in organizations MULTICHANNEL communication VIDEOCONFERENCING CONSENSUS (Social sciences) GROUP problem solvingTY - GEN Accession Number: 6401419; Yoo, YoungjinAlavi, Maryam; Source Information: Sep2001, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p371; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION in organizationsSubject Term: MULTICHANNEL communicationSubject Term: VIDEOCONFERENCINGSubject Term: CONSENSUS (Social sciences)Subject Term: GROUP problem solving; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 diagrams; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 9758b[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=6401419L processingINFORMATION measurement$!SIGNAL theory (Telecommunication) 200413581584Fantastic Voyage.t Communications of the ACMa 2004/07//477Article10 *#Association for Computing Machinery00010782Scientists at Israel's Weizmann Institute have moved a step closer to creating a tiny DNA computer that may one day identify a disease from inside the body and release a drug to combat it. The team, led by Ehud Shapiro, built the smallest biomolecular computer a few years ago; now they have programmed it to analyze biological information to detect and treat prostate cancer and a form of lung cancer in laboratory experiments. The microscopic computer is so small a trillion could fit in a drop of water. Its input, output, and software consist of DNA molecules. Shapiro foresees this computer becoming able to detect any illness for which there is a particular pattern of over-expression or under-expression of genes that is characteristic for the disease.d]MOLECULAR computers SCIENTISTS PROSTATE CANCER BIOCHIPS MEDICAL sciences ISRAEL SHAPIRO, EhudF@Accession Number: 13581584; Source Information: Jul2004, Vol. 47 Issue 7, p10; Subject Term: MOLECULAR computersSubject Term: SCIENTISTSSubject Term: PROSTATESubject Term: CANCERSubject Term: BIOCHIPSSubject Term: MEDICAL sciences; Subject Term: ISRAEL; People: SHAPIRO, Ehud; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Articleb\http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13581584  20039949659D("Moody, Daniel L. Shanks, Graeme G.d]Improving the quality of data models: empirical validation of a quality management framework.NInformation Systems 2003/09//c286iArticlei 619T03064379This paper describes the results of a 5-year research programme into evaluating and improving the quality of data models. The theoretical base for this work was a data model quality management framework proposed by Moody and Shanks (In: P. Loucopolous (Ed.), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the Entity Relationship Approach, Manchester, England, December 1417, 1994). A combination of field and laboratory research methods (action research, laboratory experiments and systems development) was used to empirically validate the framework. This paper describes how the framework was used to: (a) quality assure a data model in a large application development project (product quality); (b) reengineer application development processes to build quality into the data analysis process (process quality); (c) investigate differences between data models produced by experts and novices; (d) provide automated support for the evaluation process (the Data Model Quality Advisor). The results of the research have been used to refine and extend the framework, to the point that it is now a stable and mature approach.Copyright 2003 ElsevierTOTAL quality management DATA structures (Computer science) Requirements analysis Data modelling Entity relationship model Quality assurance Action researchAccession Number: 9949659; Moody, Daniel L. 1,2 Email Address: dmoody@idi.ntnu.noShanks, Graeme G. 3 Email Address: g.shanks@dis.unimelb.edu.au; Affiliations: 1: Department of Computer and Information Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim N-7491, Norway 2: School of Business Systems, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia 3: Department of Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia; Source Information: Sep2003, Vol. 28 Issue 6, p619; Subject Term: TOTAL quality managementSubject Term: DATA structures (Computer science); Author-Supplied Keyword: Requirements analysisAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Data modellingAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Entity relationship modelAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Quality assuranceAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Action research; Number of Pages: 32p; DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4379(02)00043-1; Document Type: Articleb[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=9949659GCE -- Experiments DUSTY plasmas 20026765696i,&Murthy, Uday S. Wiggins Jr., Casper E.B 1993 9603276785$Sengupta, Kishore Te'eni, Dov7D>Cognitive feedback in GDSS: Improving control and convergence. MIS Quarterly 1993/03//171Article:87 60MIS Quarterly & The Society for Information Mgt.02767783Investigates the effect of computer generated cognitive feedback in computer-supported group decision processes. Cognitive feedback at the individual and interpersonal level; Cognitive feedback at the collective level.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR Cognitive feedback in group decision making is in formation that provides decision makers with a better understanding of their own decision processes and that of the other group members. It appears to be an effective aid in group decision making. Although it has been suggested as a potential feature of group decision support systems (GDSS), little research has examined its use arid impact. This article investigates the effect of computer generated cognitive feedback in computer-supported group decision processes. It views group decision making as a combination of individual and collective activity. The article tests whether cognitive feedback can enhance control over the individual and collective decision making processes and can facilitate the process of convergence among group members. In a laboratory experiment with groups of three decision makers, 15 groups received online cognitive feedback and 15 groups did not. Users receiving cognitive feedback maintained a higher level of control over the decision-making process as their decision strategies converged. This research indicates that (1) developers should include cognitive feedback as an integral part of the GDSS at every level, and (2) they should design the human-computer interaction so there is an intuitive and effective transition across the components of feedback at all levels- Researchers should extend the concepts explored here to other models of conflict that deal with ill-structured decisions, as well as study the impact of cognitive feedback over time. Finally, researchers trying to enhance the capabilities of GOSS should continue examining how to take advantage of the differences between individual, interpersonal, and collective decision making.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR GROUP decision making FEEDBACK control systems DECISION support systems TEAMS in the workplace -- Data processing PROBLEM solving COGNITIVE science ARTIFICIAL intelligence group decision support systems group processes cognitive feedback Group decision makingAccession Number: 9603276785; Sengupta, Kishore 1Te'eni, Dov 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Administrative Sciences Naval Postgraduate School Code AS/SE Monterey, California 93943-5000 U.S.A. 2: Department of Management Information and Decision Systems Weatherhead School of Management Case Western Reserve University 699 Enterprise Hall Cleveland, Ohio 44106 U.S.A.; Source Information: Mar93, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p87; Subject Term: GROUP decision makingSubject Term: FEEDBACK control systemsSubject Term: DECISION support systemsSubject Term: TEAMS in the workplace -- Data processingSubject Term: PROBLEM solvingSubject Term: COGNITIVE scienceSubject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Author-Supplied Keyword: group decision support systemsAuthor-Supplied Keyword: group processesAuthor-Supplied Keyword: cognitive feedbackAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Group decision making; Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 12 charts, 4 diagrams, 2 graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 11844d^http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=9603276785v "  20041246430360And, Bruno Graziani, Salvatore Pitrone, NicolaHAStand-Alone Laboratory Sessions in Sensors and Signal Processing.$IEEE Transactions on Education 2004/02//n471eArticlen 4-9 00189359<6Real laboratory experiments can help students to gain a better understanding of theoretical problems. Great efforts are needed, however, to improve the quality of laboratory sessions, and a large number of tutors are usually required. Moreover, students may lose time because of hardware failure or an inefficient experimental setup. Several educational tools (based on virtual instruments) have been developed allowing for optimized time scheduling and remote access to laboratory sessions. Drawbacks related to hardware failure have not, however, been seriously addressed. This paper proposes an educational tool made up of a user-friendly interface controlling experimental boards. It basically consists of an array of optical sensing devices connected to suitable conditioning circuits, which are interfaced to a virtual instrument by means of a data acquisition system. To solve the previously mentioned drawbacks, a solution based on both pre-cabled hardware and PC-based measurement stations has been adopted. Moreover, the ability to configure self-educational tasks optimizes time scheduling for students during laboratory activities. The proposed system allows students to improve their knowledge in the field of optical sensing devices, virtual instrumentation, data acquisition systems, and signal processing. The paper describes an application of the tool as a simple system for surface recognition. This application is one of the laboratory tasks performed in measurement classes during this engineering course at the University of Catania, Catania, Italy.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORSIGNAL processing INFORMATION measurement SIGNAL theory (Telecommunication) INFORMATION theory LABORATORIES CATANIA (Italy) ITALY optical sensors signal conditioning signal processing virtual instrument. Measurement classesB8IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics & Electrical Insulation 2003/12// 106tArticle 920-932i10709878The incidence of streaming electrification in large transformers (and other industrial equipment) has generated the need for both an understanding of the underlying physics and a mathematical description of the phenomenon. Modeling is needed since the mechanisms do not readily scale and small-scale laboratory experiments are limited in predicting performance. The development of both steady-state and transient descriptions of the streaming electrification process is described for a rectangular duct structure. The nature of the phenomenon is such that appropriate assumptions and approximations need to be made. As a consequence, some experimental verification of the outcomes, at least in qualitative form, is also included. The entrainment of charge from the interface charge layers also intimately involves the flow of the liquid. A description of the flow regimes and a transient solution of the charge development through a duct are thus an integral part of the modeling effort. The utility of the steady-state model developed is demonstrated by application to an oil-cellulose system typical of a large core-form transformer. The method advocated takes advantage of the repeat duct arrangement in such units. The results presented allow the internal behavior of such a unit to be studied in considerable depth, and provide insight into the complex interplay between generation and relaxation in circumstances when flow rates, temperature, external fields and influent charge are changed.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORELECTRIFICATION ELECTRIC transformers HYPOTHESIS ELECTRIC engineering INDUSTRIAL equipment ELECTRIC machinery electrostatic charging transformers flow modeling. Streaming electrificationAccession Number: 12121033; Nelson, J. Keith 1Brubaker, M. A. 2Palmer, J. A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Electrical, Computer & Systems Engineering 110 8th street, Troy, NY 12180-3580, USA. 2: Consulting Engineer, Loveland, CO, USA. 3: Knott Laboratory, Inc., Centennial, CO, USA.; Source Information: Dec2003, Vol. 10 Issue 6, p920; Subject Term: ELECTRIFICATIONSubject Term: ELECTRIC transformersSubject Term: HYPOTHESISSubject Term: ELECTRIC engineeringSubject Term: INDUSTRIAL equipmentSubject Term: ELECTRIC machinery; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrostatic chargingAuthor-Supplied Keyword: transformersAuthor-Supplied Keyword: flowAuthor-Supplied Keyword: modeling.Author-Supplied Keyword: Streaming electrification; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335311 Power, Distribution, and Specialty Transformer ManufacturingNAICS/Industry Codes: 3331 Agriculture, Construction, and Mining Machinery Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Articleb\http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12121033Orne, Martin T. 1969>8Demand Characteristics and the Concept of Quasi-Controls "Rosenthal, R. Rosnow, R. L.&Artifact in Behavioral Research New York Academic Press 1143-179 200413870294HBPavl, Ji Nmeek, Zdenk frnkov, Jana ermk, IvoBhttp://www.psychologie.unizh.ch/sowi/Ulf/Lab/WWWExpMethod.html Feb. 16, 2001Website 200413870296LFRichterov, Ivana Nmeek, Zdenk afrnkov, Jana Pavl, Jill\UA Model of Secondary Emission From Dust Grains and Its Comparison With an Experiment.p*#IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science2 2004/04//I322uArticleC617-622r00933813Secondary emission from metal surfaces is well described by the theory of Sternglass. His theory and resulting "universal" curve can be applied for planar uncharged surfaces in an energy range from tens of electronvolts to several kiloelectronvolts. However, space dust is composed of silicates, ice, and graphite, i.e., nonconducting materials. Their surfaces are highly curved, and they are usually charged to nonnegligible potentials. Since previous attempts to describe the size effect on emission properties of the dust succeeded only partly, we have used the original Sternglass approach and developed a computer model of secondary emission from small bodies. The model follows individual trajectories of primary electrons inside the grain and, based on simple assumptions consistent with the Sternglass theory, calculates a probability of escaping of the excited electrons. The model provides measurable quantities (the yield of secondary emission, the charge accumulated in the grain, or the surface potential) but it can illustrate processes which are not accessible by direct measurements. Free parameters of the model depend on the grain material and can be determined by a fit of model results to the experimental data. The paper presents model assumptions and results of calculations for spheres of different diameters and two insulating materials. The theoretical results are compared with the laboratory experiment when the grains with approximately 1, 2, 5, and 10 pm of diameter were charged by an electron beam in a range 300 eV-10 keV. The comparison shows a good agreement of the experiment and theory. Moreover, the reversal of the sign of the grain charge in a certain range of beam energies and grain diameters predicted by the model was confirmed by the experiment.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORSCIENCE -- Experiments DUSTY plasmas PLASMA (Ionized gases) DUST ELECTRON beams COMPUTER simulation dust charging model of secondary emission secondary emission DustAccession Number: 13870296; Richterov, Ivana 1Nmeek, Zdenk 1afrnkov, Jana 1Pavl, Jill; Affiliations: 1: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.; Source Information: Apr2004 Part 2 of 3, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p617; Subject Term: SCIENCE -- ExperimentsSubject Term: DUSTY plasmasSubject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases)Subject Term: DUSTSubject Term: ELECTRON beamsSubject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust chargingAuthor-Supplied Keyword: model of secondary emissionAuthor-Supplied Keyword: secondary emissionAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Number of Pages: 6p; DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2004.826111; Document Type: Articleab\http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=13870296 Rosnow, R. L. 2002JCThe Nature and Role of Demand Characteristics in Scientific InquiryPrevention and Treatment5October 18, 2002 CommentarySawyer, Alan G. 1975~xDetecting Demand Characteristics in Laboratory Experiments in Consumer Research: the Case of Repetition-Affect Research$Advances in Consumer Research 200412464310,%Sellschopp, F. S. Arjona L., Marco A. {An Automated System for Frequency Response Analysis With Application to an Undergraduate Laboratory of Electrical Machines. $IEEE Transactions on Education 2004/02// 471eArticle  57-64o00189359This paper describes a LabVIEW-based automated system to carry out frequency response tests in electrical machines. The system is being used by undergraduate students in the laboratory of electrical machines, where they can experiment with the application of frequency response analysis and the characterization of mathematical models. An advantage of the system is its friendly user interface to a laboratory experiment. The system avoids the risky utilization of oscilloscopes for data acquisition and shortens the time taken to analyze the measured data. The Automated System for Frequency Analysis (ASFFA) can carry out tests within a bandwidth of 0.001-900 Hz. In addition, the ASFFA can estimate the transfer function parameters based on one- or two-port network theory. Design details of the interface, system structure, frequency response tests, electrical machine modeling, and signal processing are presented. Finally, ASFFA is applied to synchronous, induction, and direct-current machines.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORMACHINERY MOTORS CATHODE ray oscilloscope ELECTRIC networks MATHEMATICAL models LABORATORIES frequency analysis instrumentation machine modeling machinery man-machine interface motors. Complex frequency techniquespiAccession Number: 12464310; Sellschopp, F. S. 1 Email Address: ssellschopp@ieee.orgArjona L., Marco A. 1 Email Address: marjona@ieee.org; Affiliations: 1: Departmento de Ingeniera El̩ctrica y Electrnica del Instituto Tecnol&oeacute;gico de la Laguna, Torren Coahuila, M̩xico.; Source Information: Feb2004, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p57; Subject Term: MACHINERYSubject Term: MOTORSSubject Term: CATHODE ray oscilloscopeSubject Term: ELECTRIC networksSubject Term: MATHEMATICAL modelsSubject Term: LABORATORIES; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency analysisAuthor-Supplied Keyword: instrumentationAuthor-Supplied Keyword: machine modelingAuthor-Supplied Keyword: machineryAuthor-Supplied Keyword: man-machine interfaceAuthor-Supplied Keyword: motors.Author-Supplied Keyword: Complex frequency techniques; Number of Pages: 8p; DOI: 10.1109/TE.2003.817621; Document Type: Articleb\http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=12464310 19894786455N"Sen, Tarun Yardley, James A.HBAre Chargeback Systems Effective? An Information Processing Study.$Journal of Information Systems 1989///Springa3;2 ArticleS92 &American Accounting AssociationH08887985Chargeback systems are employed to regulate demand of computer resources by providing to users the cost of each user session. Prior literature indicates that four characteristics of chargeback systems contribute to chargeback effectiveness: controllability, understandability, accountability, and feedback. Field studies involving these factors have produced conflicting results. This paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment that was conducted to investigate the influence of accountability and cost feedback on users' information processing behavior. The results indicate that, in the presence of controllability and understandability, cost feedback does not influence user behavior unless the user is explicitly accountable for computer processing costs.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORCHARGE-backs ACCOUNTING INFORMATION processing USER interfaces (Computer systems) SYSTEM design INFORMATION resources managementVPAccession Number: 4786455; Sen, Tarun 1Yardley, James A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Assistant Professors of Accounting, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061.; Source Information: Spring89, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p92; Subject Term: CHARGE-backsSubject Term: ACCOUNTINGSubject Term: INFORMATION processingSubject Term: USER interfaces (Computer systems)Subject Term: SYSTEM designSubject Term: INFORMATION resources management; NAICS/Industry Codes: 5412 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Articleb[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=4786455s % ^information system designINFORMATION technologyINFORMATION theoryInformation visualizationinstrumentation INSTRUMENTATION techniciansinterface characteristics INTERNET ISRAELITALY0+JOURNAL of Information Systems (Periodical)KNOWLEDGE management LABORATORIES learningLOW temperaturesmachine modeling MACHINERYman-machine interface$MANAGEMENT information systemsMATHEMATICAL modelsMeasurement classesMECHANICAL engineering MECHATRONICSMEDICAL sciencesMICROCOMPUTERSMICROELECTRONICS model of secondary emission modeling.MOLECULAR computersMomentum accounting.MOTION control devices MOTORS motors. MULTICHANNEL communicationMULTIMEDIA systems4.NATURAL language processing (Computer science) novice usersOCCUPATIONAL training OPERATING systems (Computers)optical sensorsORGANIZATION -- ResearchORGANIZATIONAL behaviorORGANIZATIONAL learningPLASMA (Ionized gases) practicePROBLEM solving0,PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers) PROSTATE$!Proximity compatibility principlePsychological aspects$PULSE modulation (Electronics)PULSE-duration modulationPWM rectifiersQUALITATIVE researchQuality assurance real-time realityremote laboratory.REMOTE sensingRequirements analysisRISK perceptionSCIENCE -- Experiments SCIENTISTS$Scott, Foresman : Glenview, IL,secondary emission SHAPIRO, Ehudsignal conditioningSIGNAL processing$!SIGNAL theory (Telecommunication)software packagessoftware quality SOUTH Africa SPECTRAL energy distributionSPECTRUM analysisStreaming electrification STUDENTSSYSTEM analysis SYSTEM designSYSTEMS development TASK analysis,)TEAMS in the workplace -- Data processingTECHNOLOGICAL innovationsTHREE-dimensional imagingTOTAL quality management transformersuser behavior data("USER interfaces (Computer systems)user satisfactionuser-machine systems. vertical fluxVIDEOCONFERENCINGvirtual instrument. VISUALIZATION work function  Advances in Consumer Research Chi 2001Prevention and Treatment,'Research Methods in Information SystemsThe Journal of Psychology$ the Journal of Social Psychology` <0'1 +:4Derlega, Valerian J. Chaikin, Alan L. Herndon, James 197581Demand Characteristics and Disclosure Reciprocity& the Journal of Social Psychology97301-302 19992841060a*#Dull, Richard B. Tegarden, David P.Uf`A Comparison of Three Visual Representations of Complex Multidimensional Accounting Information.$Journal of Information Systems 1999///Fallr132bArticleM 117g &American Accounting Association 08887985Investigates the relationship between three visual representations of multidimensional data, and the subjects' ability to make predictions based on the data. Momentum accounting; Visualization research; Accounting-based visualization research; Novice decision making and visualization technology; Theoretical development.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR This study investigates the relationship between three visual representations (two-dimensional, three-dimensional fixed, and three-dimensional rotatable) of multidimensional data, and the subjects' ability to make predictions based on the data. Output of a momentum accounting system was simulated and graphics were rendered based on that information. An interactive computer program was developed and used to administer the laboratory experiment and collect results. Subjects made prediction decisions based on the graphics produced for four companies. Each subject made predictions for one type of graphics representation for each of the four companies. Subjects using three-dimensional data that could be rotated provided the most accurate predictions. This finding is significant in a systems environment where visualizations and graphics are steadily increasing. The results should be considered when developing systems to provide accounting system users with information for making decisions, especially when the information to be presented is multidimensional in nature.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORACCOUNTING COMPUTER programs GRAPHIC arts INFORMATION technology VISUALIZATION THREE-dimensional imaging DECISION-making Information visualization Cognitive fit Proximity compatibility principle Momentum accounting. Accounting information systemspiAccession Number: 2841060; Dull, Richard B. 1Tegarden, David P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Indiana University. 2: Virginia Polytechnic institute and State University.; Source Information: Fall99, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p117; Subject Term: ACCOUNTINGSubject Term: COMPUTER programsSubject Term: GRAPHIC artsSubject Term: INFORMATION technologySubject Term: VISUALIZATIONSubject Term: THREE-dimensional imagingSubject Term: DECISION-making; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information visualizationAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Cognitive fitAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Proximity compatibility principleAuthor-Supplied Keyword: Momentum accounting.Author-Supplied Keyword: Accounting information systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 5412 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 charts, 2 graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8494b[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=2841060,%Fromkin, Howard, Streufert, Siegfriedo 1976d^Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chapter 10, "Laboratory Experimentation" Chicagot  Rand McNally415-465Guerin , Bernard 19882,Reducing Evaluation Effects in Mere Presence& the Journal of Social Psychology 1292183-190 19905221969R,%Hoadley, Ellen D. Haralick, Robert M.*#Investigating the Effects of Color. Communications of the ACM 1990/02//332Article 120S *#Association for Computing Machinerye00010782Presents a laboratory experiment on the effects of color on a decision maker's ability to extract information from different graphical and tabular presentations. Impact of color on improved time performance for tables, pie charts and bar graphs; Role of color on accuracy performance for pie charts and line graphs; Costs of including color graphics in decision support systems and executive support systems. JCCOLOR GRAPHIC methods CHARTS, diagrams, etc. BUSINESS presentationsrLFAccession Number: 5221969; Hoadley, Ellen D.Haralick, Robert M.; Source Information: Feb90, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p120; Subject Term: COLORSubject Term: GRAPHIC methodsSubject Term: CHARTS, diagrams, etc.Subject Term: BUSINESS presentations; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 6 charts, 2 diagrams, 1 graph; Document Type: Articleb[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=5221969Jenkins, A. M./ 1985,&Research Methodologies in MIS Research.'Research Methods in Information Systemsa103-117 20003308433- Keil, MarkXQA Cross-Cultural Study on Escalation of Commitment Behavior in Software Projects. MIS QuarterlyK 2000/06// 242FArticlem 299r 60MIS Quarterly & The Society for Information Mgt.02767783Presents information on a study which examined the level of sunk cost together with the risk propensity and risk perception of decision makers. Influence of cross-cultural differences on the decision maker's willingness to continue a software project; Literature on sunk cost effect; Theoretical model and hypothesis; Manipulation and control checks related to sunk cost.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR One of the most challenging decisions that a manager must confront is whether to continue or abandon a troubled project. Published studies suggest that failing software projects are often allowed to continue for too long before appropriate management action is taken to discontinue or redirect the efforts. The level of sunk cost associated with such projects has been offered as one explanation for this escalation of commitment behavior. What prior studies fail to consider is how concepts from risk-taking theory (such as risk propensity and risk perception) affect decision makers' willingness to continue a project under conditions of sunk cost. To better understand factors that may cause decision makers to continue such projects, this study examines the level of sunk cost together with the risk propensity and risk perception of decision makers. These factors are assessed for cross-cultural robustness using matching laboratory experiments carried out in three cultures (Finland, the Netherlands, and Singapore). With a wider set of explanatory factors than prior studies, we could account for a higher amount of variance in decision makers' willingness to continue a project. The level of sunk cost and the risk perception of decision makers contributed significantly to their willingness to continue a project. Moreover, the risk propensity of decision makers was inversely related to risk perception. This inverse relationship was significantly stronger in Singapore (a low uncertainty avoidance culture) than in Finland and the Netherlands (high uncertainty avoidance cultures). These results reveal that some factors behind decision makers' willingness to continue a project are consistent across cultures while others may be culture-sensitive. Implications of these results for further research and practice are discussed.ABSTRACT FROM AUTHORhaINFORMATION resources management COMPUTER software -- Development RISK perception DECISION makingAccession Number: 3308433; Keil, Mark; Source Information: Jun2000, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p299; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources managementSubject Term: COMPUTER software -- DevelopmentSubject Term: RISK perceptionSubject Term: DECISION making; NAICS/Industry Codes: 51121 Software Publishers; Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 7 diagrams; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 12656b[http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,uid&db=aph&an=3308433